碱性富硅炉渣绿色智能肥对水稻镉吸收的影响

Effect of Rice Green Intelligent Fertilizer Based on Alkaline Si-rich Slag on Cadmium Uptake by Rice

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 为探究基于碱性富硅炉渣制备的绿色智能肥（green intelligent fertilizer, GIF）对土壤镉（Cd）生物有效性及水稻Cd吸收转运的影响。
    方法 通过盆栽实验，选取强酸性土壤（pH 4.5）和碱性土壤（pH 8.5）为供试土壤，分别设置0、0.5、1.5 mg kg−1三个外源Cd浓度，在等量氮磷钾养分投入的前提下，以常规肥料（NPK）为对照，研究GIF对土壤pH、土壤DTPA-Cd含量、土壤有效硅含量和水稻不同器官Cd和硅含量、积累量及Cd富集、转移系数的影响。
    结果 相同浓度Cd添加下，碱性土壤DTPA-Cd含量和水稻植株Cd含量均显著低于酸性土壤。相较于NPK处理，GIF处理使强酸性土壤和碱性土壤的DTPA-Cd含量分别降低28.2% ~ 30.6%和0% ~ 50.1%，土壤pH分别提高0.22 ~ 0.25和0.13 ~ 0.20个单位，有效硅含量分别增加6.6% ~ 13.8%和4.0% ~ 12.1%。GIF处理显著降低水稻各器官Cd浓度（酸性土壤降低9.3% ~ 54.2%；碱性土壤降低13.3% ~ 40.0%），并降低Cd富集系数（酸性土壤降低9.3% ~ 52.3%；碱性土壤降低0% ~ 50.0%）和转移系数（酸性土壤降低1.5% ~ 42.6%；碱性土壤降低4.3% ~ 24.3%）。酸性土壤中，GIF处理的水稻植株硅积累量较NPK处理提高15.6% ~ 102.1%。
    结论 绿色智能肥料通过提升土壤pH及有效硅含量，显著降低土壤Cd生物有效性，同时促进水稻硅吸收，抑制Cd由营养器官向糙米转运，从而降低糙米Cd含量，且在酸性土壤中的改良效果较在碱性土壤中更为显著。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of green intelligent fertilizer (GIF) derived from alkaline silicon-rich slag on soil cadmium (Cd) bioavailability and Cd uptake/translocation in rice.
    Method Three exogenous Cd concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1.5 mg kg1) were set on two different pH soils (alkaline soil, pH = 8.5; strongly acidic soil, pH = 4.5). Under the premise of maintaining the equal input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, conventional fertilization (NPK) served as the control. A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of GIF on soil pH change, soil DTPA-Cd content, soil available silicon (SI) content, Cd and Si contents, accumulations, Cd enrichment and transfer coefficients in different organs of rice.
    Result The results showed that alkaline soil exhibited significantly to decrease DTPA-Cd content and rice Cd accumulation compared to acidic soil under identical Cd treatments. Compared with NPK, GIF reduced DTPA-Cd content by 28.2% - 30.6% (acidic soil) and 0.0% - 50.1% (alkaline soil), increased soil pH by 0.22 - 0.25 and 0.13 - 0.20 units, and elevated available Si content by 6.6% - 13.8% and 4.0% - 12.1%, respectively. GIF treatment significantly reduced the Cd concentration in various organs of rice (acid soil decreased by 9.3% - 54.2%; alkaline soil decreased by 13.3% - 40.0%), and reduced the enrichment coefficient of Cd (acid soil decreased by 9.3% - 52.3%; alkaline soil decreased by 0.0% - 50.0%) and transfer coefficient (acid soil decreased by 1.5% - 42.6%; alkaline soil decreased by 4.3% - 24.3%). In acidic soil, the Si accumulation of rice plants treated with GIF increased by 15.6% - 102.1% compared with NPK treatment.
    Conclusion GIF significantly reduced the bioavailability of Cd in soil by increasing soil pH and available Si content, while promoting the absorption of Si in rice and inhibiting the transport of Cd from vegetative organs to brown rice, thereby reducing the Cd content in brown rice. The improvement effect in acidic soil is more significant than that in alkaline soil.

     

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