植物刺激素配施生物质炭对干旱区轻度盐碱地土壤协同改良效应

周冰倩; 刘隋赟昊; 郭志国; 董正武; 许延琴; 马晓东

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2025071302

植物刺激素配施生物质炭对干旱区轻度盐碱地土壤协同改良效应

Synergistic Effects of Plant Biostimulants and Biochar on the Amelioration of Mildly Saline–Alkali Soils in Arid Regions

摘要

摘要:
目的旨在探明植物刺激素配施生物质炭对干旱区轻度盐碱地土壤质量的改良效果及其对棉花生长的影响。
方法采用室内盆栽实验，设置木醋液配施生物质炭（T1 ~ T9）、腐殖酸配施生物质炭（P1 ~ P6）和对照组（CK，仅施加底肥）共16个处理，以棉花为供试作物，评估不同配施处理对盐碱地土壤改良效果及棉花生长的影响。
结果 ①与CK相比，植物刺激素配施生物质炭显著降低了土壤pH与电导率（EC），提升了土壤孔隙度及饱和含水量。T7处理（木醋液600 kg hm⁻² + γ-PGA 18 kg hm⁻² + 生物质炭22.5 t hm⁻²）对土壤盐分离子调控效果最优，土壤总盐含量较CK降低49.1%，Na⁺和HCO₃⁻含量最低，而Mg^{2 +}、K⁺、Ca^{2 +}、SO₄²⁻、Cl⁻含量均显著高于其它处理；P6处理（腐殖酸1200 kg hm⁻² + γ-PGA 18 kg hm⁻² + 生物质炭22.5 t hm⁻²）下土壤总盐含量降幅达29.5%；T3、T6、T7与P6处理将土壤从轻度盐渍土改善为极轻度盐渍土。②植物刺激素配施生物质炭显著提升土壤养分含量，T7与P6处理效果最优，土壤C/N和C/P显著下降。③综合分析表明，土壤全氮、NH₄⁺-N、速效钾、HCO₃⁻是影响土壤质量和棉花生长的关键养分因子。木醋液配施生物质炭主要通过提高氮素有效性及调节离子组成缓解盐胁迫；腐殖酸配施生物质炭则通过优化碳酸盐体系和平衡盐基离子改善土壤结构。
结论植物刺激素配施生物质炭通过调控物理吸附、离子置换与螯合作用等机制协同改善土壤理化性质，提升土壤质量指数（SQI），并通过优化根际环境间接促进棉花生长；T7与P6处理在提升土壤质量和作物生长方面效果最佳，可作为盐碱化耕地的优选改良措施。

Abstract:
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of the co-application of plant biostimulants and biochar on soil quality improvement in mildly saline-alkali soils of arid regions and its influence on cotton growth.
Method An indoor pot experiment was conducted with 16 treatments including wood vinegar combined with biochar (T1 - T9), humic acid combined with biochar (P1 - P6), and a control group (CK, only basal fertilizer applied). Cotton was used as the test crop to effects of different co-application treatments on soil amelioration and cotton growth in saline–alkali soils were evaluated.
Result ①Compared with CK, the application of plant biostimulants combined with biochar significantly decreased soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) while increasing soil porosity and water-holding capacity. The T7 treatment (wood vinegar at 600 kg hm⁻² + γ-PGA at 18 kg hm⁻² + biochar at 22.5 t hm⁻²) exhibited the most pronounced regulation of soil ions, reducing total salt content by 49.1% relative to CK, with the lowest Na⁺ and HCO₃⁻ levels and significantly higher Mg²⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and Cl⁻ contents than other treatments. The P6 treatment (humic acid at 1200 kg hm⁻² + γ-PGA at 18 kg hm⁻² + biochar at 22.5 t hm⁻²) also achieved a 29.5% reduction in total salt content. Treatments T3, T6, T7, and P6 improved the soil from mildly saline to slightly saline levels. ②The combination of plant biostimulants and biochar markedly enhanced soil nutrient contents, with the best results observed under T7 and P6, where soil C/N and C/P ratios decreased significantly. ③Comprehensive analysis identified soil TN, NH₄⁺-N, AK, and HCO₃⁻ as the key nutrient factors influencing soil quality and cotton growth. Wood vinegar-biochar combinations alleviated salt stress mainly by increasing nitrogen availability and optimizing ion composition, whereas humic acid-biochar combinations improved soil structure by regulating the carbonate system and balancing base cations.
Conclusion Plant biostimulants combined with biochar synergistically improved soil physicochemical properties through mechanisms involving physical adsorption, ion exchange, and chelation, thereby enhancing the soil quality index (SQI) and indirectly promoting cotton growth by optimizing the rhizosphere environment. Among all treatments, T7 and P6 showed the best performance in improving soil quality and crop growth, and can be recommended as optimal amendment strategies for saline-alkaline farmlands.

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