Abstract: The transport and transformation behaviors of organic contaminants in soil profoundly influence their environmental fate and ecological risks, making their accurate simulation and prediction is a critical objective in soil environmental science and engineering. This review systematically compiled key advances and core challenges in the study of organic contaminant transport in soils. Regarding migration mechanisms, research has evolved from analyzing isolated physical, chemical or biological processes to a systemic understanding of their coupled and synergistic interactions. The interconnections among physical transport (e.g., advection-dispersion), chemical transformation (centered on nonlinear/non-equilibrium sorption-desorption), and biological regulation (primarily microbial degradation) have been clarified, with soil heterogeneity recognized as a key factor. In model development, simulation techniques have progressed from classical advection-dispersion equations (ADE) and simple sorption models towards integrated models capable of depicting complex pore structures, complex chemical behaviors, and biodegradation processes. The integration of multi-scale coupling and artificial intelligence represents a frontier direction. However, the field still faces several bottlenecks: difficulties in obtaining model validation data, an underdeveloped theoretical framework for water-air-contaminant multiphase coupling mechanisms, especially the dynamic interactions within heterogeneous media, and limited model capabilities for cross-scale translation. Challenges such as the in-situ characterization of micro-interfacial processes, unclear interactions of complex mixtures, difficulties in obtaining key parameters, and quantifying uncertainties remain prominent. Future research should prioritize deepening the exploration of microscopic mechanisms, developing multi-scale integrated and intelligent models, enhancing uncertainty analysis, and promoting the application of models for precise risk early-warning and remediation optimization, thereby providing more solid theoretical foundation and practical tools for ensuring soil environmental security.