Abstract: Soil obstacle factors refer to the properties or morphological characteristics in the soil that hinder the normal growth and development of plants. Reducing soil obstacle factors in cultivated land is an important prerequisite for ensuring high and stable crop yields and quality. Based on a systematic summary of existing research results, this paper clarified the types of soil obstacle factors in cultivated land in the black soil region, mainly including soil layer obstacles, nutrient imbalance obstacles, salinization obstacles, and waterlogging obstacles. For different types of obstacle factors, the paper summarized and sorts out the research status and effects of applying engineering technologies to reduce obstacle factors. At the same time, starting from the needs of protecting black soil cultivated land, improving soil fertility, ensuring the health of black soil and high-quality and efficient crop production, it proposes that the development of regional cultivated land soil obstacle reduction should tend towards diversification, integration, mechanization and high efficiency.