Passivation Remediation of Cd Contaminated Paddy Soils by Mercapto Bentonite
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摘要: 通过田间种植水稻试验，探究了巯基膨润土（Bent-SH）对镉污染土壤的修复效果及钝化机理。结果表明：添加Bent-SH对土壤理化性质的影响很小，土壤有效态镉含量随Bent-SH添加量的增加逐渐降低，与对照相比，其最大下降率为48.57%。添加Bent-SH降低了土壤镉的迁移能力，降低了大米、秸秆对土壤镉的吸收，其最大下降率分别为72.73%、70.97%。土壤离子交换态镉（EX-Cd）含量最大下降率为54.17%，而铁锰氧化物结合态镉（FMO-Cd）和强有机质结合态镉（SO-Cd）含量最大增长率分别为117.40%和75.00%。Bent-SH添加量与土壤有效态镉、大米镉、秸秆镉含量呈极显著负相关，与土壤FMO-Cd、SO-Cd含量呈显著正相关，与土壤EX-Cd含量呈显著负相关。结果表明Bent-SH可以使土壤中的镉由EX向FMO和SO转化，有效降低镉的活性和生物可利用性，从而实现了镉污染土壤的钝化修复。Abstract: A paddy field experiment was conducted to explore the remediation effect and mechanism of mercapto bentonite (Bent-SH) on Cd contaminated soil. The results showed that Bent-SH had little effect on the physicochemical properties of soils. Compared with the control group, the available Cd in soils was decreased by 48.57% at most. The Bent-SH reduced the migration ability of cadmium in soil and the absorption of Cd by rice and straw, The Cd contents in rice and straw were decrease by 72.73% and 70.97% at most, respectively. The EX-Cd was decreased by 54.17%, while the FMO- and SO-Cd were increased by 117.4% and 75.00% at most, respectively. The Bent-SH addition amounts were extremely significantly negatively correlated with available Cd and Cd in rice and straw, significantly negatively correlated with EX-Cd, but extremely significantly positively correlated with FMO-Cd and SO-Cd. The Bent-SH could reduce the activity and bioavailability of Cd by the conversion of Cd form from EX to FMO and SO, thereby achieving the passivation remediation of Cd contaminated soils.
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Keywords:
- Mercapto bentonite /
- Passivation remediation /
- Paddy soil /
- Cd
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图 1 Bent-SH对水稻大米和秸秆镉含量的影响
Figure 1. The effect of Bent-SH on the Cd contents in rice and straw
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图 2 Bent-SH对土壤有效态镉含量的影响
Figure 2. The effect of Bent-SH on the available Cd content in soils
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图 3 Bent-SH对土壤中镉形态的影响
Figure 3. The effect of Bent-SH on the different Cd forms in soils
表 1 Bent-SH的化学组成
Table 1 The chemical composition of Bent-SH
组分
ComponentS
（mg g−1）Cl
（mg L−1）Na2O
（%）MgO
（%）Al2O3
（%）SiO2
（%）CaO
（%）K2O
（%）Fe2O3
（%）含量 172 32.50 0.11 0.32 35.04 49.54 0.17 2.73 1.80 
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表 2 Bent-SH对土壤理化性质的影响
Table 2 The effect of Bent-SH on the physicochemical properties in soils
处理
TreatmentpH 速效钾（mg kg−1）
Available potassium有机质（g kg−1）
Organic matter碱解氮（mg kg−1）
Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen有效磷（mg kg−1）
Available phosphorusCK 6.93 55.22 41.38 138.43 16.43 T1 6.79 65.81 41.05 141.78 16.94 T2 6.71 53.15 41.40 133.46 19.19 T3 6.97 67.80 42.10 133.41 22.38 T4 6.82 64.15 40.18 138.29 17.61
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表 3 Bent-SH添加量与土壤有效态和各形态、大米和秸秆的镉含量相关性分析结果
Table 3 Correlation analysis among Bent-SH addition amount and Cd contents of available state, different Cd forms in soil, Cd contents in rice and straw
指标
Index添加量
Add水溶态
WS离子交换态
EX碳酸盐结合态
CAR腐殖酸结合态
WO铁锰氧化物结合态
FMO强有机质结合态
SO残渣态
RES有效态镉
Bio-Cd大米镉
Rice-Cd秸秆镉
Straw-CdAdd 1 −0.645** −0.658* −0.136 −0.324 0.882** 0.628* −0.06 −0.822** −0.884** −0.915** WS 1 0.913** 0.043 0.343 −0.758** −0.301 −0.435 0.814** 0.573 0.795** EX 1 −0.107 0.262 −0.681* −0.388 −0.466 0.894** 0.376 0.626 CAR 1 0.841** 0.199 0.305 0.312 0.223 −0.093 0.117 WO 1 −0.236 0.216 −0.079 0.502 0.278 0.324 FMO 1 0.547 0.309 −0.798** −0.830** −0.929** SO 1 −0.512 −0.450 −0.603 −0.595 RES 1 −0.224 0.159 0.052 Bio-Cd 1 0.523 0.748** Rice-Cd 1 0.925** Straw-Cd 1 注：*表示相关性显著（P < 0.05），**表示相关性极显著（P < 0.01）；
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