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叶面肥与竹炭有机肥对土壤-稻虾系统镉吸收的影响及其健康评价

肖罗长, 倪才英, 黎衍亮, 刘鑫, 简敏菲

肖罗长, 倪才英, 黎衍亮, 刘 鑫, 简敏菲. 叶面肥与竹炭有机肥对土壤-稻虾系统镉吸收的影响及其健康评价[J]. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(4): 1099 − 1109. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023052701
引用本文: 肖罗长, 倪才英, 黎衍亮, 刘 鑫, 简敏菲. 叶面肥与竹炭有机肥对土壤-稻虾系统镉吸收的影响及其健康评价[J]. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(4): 1099 − 1109. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023052701
XIAO Luo-chang, NI Cai-ying, LI Yan-liang, LIU Xin, JIAN Min-fei. Effects of Foliar Fertilizer and Bamboo Charcoal Organic Fertilizer on Cadmium Uptake in Soil-Rice-Shrimp System and Its Health Evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024, 55(4): 1099 − 1109. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023052701
Citation: XIAO Luo-chang, NI Cai-ying, LI Yan-liang, LIU Xin, JIAN Min-fei. Effects of Foliar Fertilizer and Bamboo Charcoal Organic Fertilizer on Cadmium Uptake in Soil-Rice-Shrimp System and Its Health Evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024, 55(4): 1099 − 1109. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023052701

叶面肥与竹炭有机肥对土壤-稻虾系统镉吸收的影响及其健康评价

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42167006)、江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(JXARS-12-环境控制)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    肖罗长(1996−),男,汉族,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤重金属修复,E-mail: 1745416957@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    倪才英: E-mail: ncy1919@126.com

  • 中图分类号: S156

Effects of Foliar Fertilizer and Bamboo Charcoal Organic Fertilizer on Cadmium Uptake in Soil-Rice-Shrimp System and Its Health Evaluation

  • 摘要:
    目的 

    为探究不同修复材料对镉(Cd)污染稻虾种养系统的修复效果。

    方法 

    本研究以南方稻虾田为对象,设计了叶面肥和竹炭有机肥及其组合共6组不同处理类型(对照CK,T1为叶面喷施硒肥,T2为叶面喷施L-半胱氨酸,T3为竹炭有机肥,T4为竹炭有机肥 + 硒肥,T5为竹炭有机肥 + L-半胱氨酸);测定土壤pH值、有机质、土壤不同形态Cd含量、水稻植株各部位以及小龙虾Cd含量;运用结合强度指数、迁移率指数、潜在生态风险指数和膳食风险指数分别对土壤、水稻各部位、小龙虾Cd污染风险进行评价。

    结果 

    T3 ~ T5处理土壤pH值、有机质较CK处理显著上升,上升幅度分别为5.71% ~ 6.12%和3.28% ~ 4.23%。DTPA提取态Cd含量处理显著下降,下降率分别为18.46%、19.81%和17.59%。土壤酸可提取态分布比例显著下降、残渣态分布比例显著上升,有效降低了土壤中Cd的生物有效性和迁移性。此外,T1 ~ T5处理水稻植株根、茎、叶、稻米Cd含量较CK处理显著下降,降幅分别为18.28% ~ 84.68%、26.92% ~ 93.08%、21.79% ~ 88.46%和27.76% ~ 96.84%。各处理的稻米膳食风险指数及水稻植株潜在生态风险指数顺序为CK > T3 > T1 > T2 > T5 > T4。

    结论 

    施加竹炭有机肥 + 叶面阻控剂处理降Cd效果更佳,更有利于保障研究区的稻谷安全,降低水稻茎叶还田利用和人体食用健康风险。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective 

    The aim was to explore the remediated materials for cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil-rice and shrimp breeding system.

    Methods 

    The rice and shrimp fields in Southern China were selected, and 6 different treatment types of foliar fertilizer and bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer and their combinations were designed, including CK (check), T1 (foliar spray with selenium fertilizer) and T2 (foliar spray with selenium fertilizer + L-cysteine), T3 (bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer), T4 (bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer + selenium fertilizer) and T5 (bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer + L-cysteine). Soil pH value, soil organic matter (SOM), Cd forms in soil, Cd content in different parts of rice and crayfish were determined. The Cd pollution risk values of soil, rice and crayfish were evaluated by the integration index, mobility index, potential ecological risk index and dietary risk index, respectively.

    Results 

    Soil pH value and SOM in T3 - T5 treatments were significantly increased compared with the CK, and the increase rates were 5.71% - 6.12% and 3.28% - 4.23%, respectively. The contents of DTPA-extracted Cd decreased significantly, and the decreasing rates were 18.46%, 19.81% and 17.59%, respectively. The Cd distribution proportion in acid extraction in soil decreased significantly, and the distribution proportion in residual forms increased significantly, which effectively reduced the bioavailability and migration of Cd in soil. In addition, the contents of Cd in roots, stalks, leaves and seeds under T1-T5 treatments decreased significantly compared with CK treatment, by 18.28% - 84.68%, 26.92% - 93.08%, 21.79% - 88.46% and 27.76% - 96.84%, respectively. The order of dietary risk index and potential ecological risk index was CK > T3 > T1 > T2 > T5 > T4.

    Conclusion 

    The application of bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer plus leaf surface inhibitor has better Cd reduction effect, which is more conducive to ensure the safety of rice.

     

  • 图  1   不同处理对土壤有机质和pH的影响

    Figure  1.   Effects of different treatments on soil SOM and pH

    图  2   不同处理对土壤DTPA提取态Cd含量的影响

    Figure  2.   Effect of different treatments on the DTPA-extracted Cd contents in soil

    图  3   不同处理对土壤中Cd形态百分占比的影响

    Figure  3.   Effect of different treatments on the percentage of Cd form in soil

    图  4   不同处理对水稻植株各部位Cd含量的影响

    Figure  4.   Effect of different treatments on Cd contents in various parts of rice plant

    图  5   土壤pH、SOM、DTPA提取态Cd含量与植株各部位及小龙虾Cd含量相关性分析

    Figure  5.   Correlation analysis of soil pH, SOM and DTPA-extracted Cd contents with Cd contents in plant parts and crayfish

    表  1   实验地耕层土壤基本理化性质

    Table  1   Basic physical and chemical properties of top soil in the experimental site

    pH总镉(mg kg–1
    Total Cd
    土壤有机质(g kg–1
    SOM
    阳离子交换量(cmol kg–1
    CEC
    碱解氮(mg kg–1
    AN
    有效磷(mg kg–1
    AP
    指标测试值4.20.3322.926.08170.4512.54
    (GB 15168-2018)
    风险筛选值
    ≤ 5.50.3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   田间试验设计表

    Table  2   Field trial arrangement design

    处理
    Treatment
    处理内容
    Treatment content
    施用方法
    Application process
    CK 对照
    T1 硒肥(液体) 硒肥用量为1500 ml hm–2,兑水(1:500)之后搅拌均匀,人工使用喷雾机分别在分蘖期、齐穗期
    (下午4点后)均匀喷施
    T2 L-半胱氨酸(固体) L-半胱氨酸用量为1296 g hm–2,兑水(浓度2.88‰)之后搅拌使其充分溶解,人工使用喷雾机分别在分蘖期、齐穗期(下午4点后)均匀喷施
    T3 竹炭有机肥(固体) 竹炭有机肥用量为1500 kg hm–2,在水稻种植前一周撒施,并翻耕混匀
    T4 竹炭有机肥 + 硒肥 竹炭有机肥用量为1500 kg hm–2,在水稻种植前一周撒施,并翻耕混匀;硒肥用量为1500 ml hm–2,兑水(1∶500)之后搅拌均匀,人工使用喷雾机分别在分蘖期、齐穗期(下午4点后)均匀喷施
    T5 竹炭有机肥 + L—半胱氨酸 竹炭有机肥用量为1500 kg hm–2,在水稻种植前一周撒施,并翻耕混匀;L—半胱氨酸用量为1296
    g hm–2,兑水(浓度2.88‰)之后搅拌使其充分溶解,人工使用喷雾机分别在分蘖期、齐穗期(下午4点后)均匀喷施
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   修复材料及投入物基本性状

    Table  3   Basic properties of restoration materials and inputs

    名称
    Name
    主要成分
    Main component
    重金属Cd含量(mg kg–1
    Cd content
    竹炭有机肥(Bcof)有机质:≥ 45%;总养分:≥ 5%0.05
    硒肥(Se)硒肽:2 g L−1;游离氨基酸:≥ 100 g L−1;微量元素总量:≥ 20 g L−1未检出
    L—半胱氨酸(L—Cys)L-Cys:98.5%未检出
    小龙虾饲料TP ≥ 1.2%、40% ≥ 粗蛋白质 ≥ 30%0.291
    复合肥总养分 ≥ 25%,N:15%;P2O2:10%;K2O:5%0.074
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   潜在生态风险指数及其等级划分

    Table  4   Potential ecological risk index and its classification

    潜在生态是风险指数
    Potential ecological risk index
    等级
    Level
    风险程度
    Pollution degree
    Eir < 40 轻微生态风险
    40 ≤ Eir < 80 中等生态风险
    80 ≤ Eir < 160 较强生态风险
    160 ≤ Eir < 320 强烈生态风险
    Eir ≥ 320 极强生态风险
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   农产品健康风险评价参数及取值

    Table  5   Parameters and values for health risk evaluation of agricultural products

    参数
    Parameter
    参数名称
    Name
    成人
    Adult
    单位
    Unit
    数据来源
    Source
    IR(小龙虾) 小龙虾日均摄入量 8.3 g d–1 [23]
    IR(稻米) 稻米日摄入量 336.7 g d–1 [24]
    ED 暴露年限 30 a [25]
    EF 暴露频率 350 d [22]
    BW 标准体重 60.5 kg [24]
    At(非致癌作用) 平均作用时间 30×365 d [25]
    At(致癌作用) 平均作用时间 70×365 d [25]
    RfD 口服参考剂量 1 × 10–3 mg (kg d)–1 [22]
    CSF 致癌斜率 6.1 mg (kg d)–1 [22]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   土壤重金属Cd的结合强度指数和迁移率指数

    Table  6   Reduced partition index, metal bioavailability index of heavy metal Cd in soil

    处理
    Treatment
    IR MF
    CK 0.163 ± 0.005 b 0.719 ± 0.005 a
    T1 0.160 ± 0.007 b 0.717 ± 0.013 a
    T2 0.172 ± 0.009 b 0.695 ± 0.007 a
    T3 0.225 ± 0.007 ab 0.621 ± 0.025 b
    T4 0.231 ± 0.012 b 0.619 ± 0.018 b
    T5 0.217 ± 0.000 a 0.630 ± 0.012 b
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   水稻植株不同部位潜在生态危害指数

    Table  7   Potential ecological hazard indices for different parts of rice plant

    处理
    Treatment
    Eir(根)
    Root
    Eir(茎)
    Stem
    Eir(叶)
    Leaf
    数值
    Value
    等级
    Level
    数值
    Value
    等级
    Level
    数值
    Value
    等级
    Level
    CK371.907129.71078.129
    T1272.32194.62829.845
    T2259.66853.45517.119
    T3304.06998.40960.820
    T456.9388.9618.637
    T5124.76014.11611.725
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8   不同处理稻米Cd含量及膳食风险指数

    Table  8   Cd content and dietary risk index of rice in different treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    稻米Cd含量(mg kg−1
    Cd content in brown rice
    非致癌风险
    Noncarcinogenic risk
    致癌风险
    Carcinogenic risk
    靶标危险系数
    THQ
    致癌系数
    CR
    致癌风险等级
    Risk levels
    CK0.595 ± 0.010 a3.1762.23 × 10–4较大风险
    T10.177 ± 0.027 c0.9476.65 × 10–5可接受
    T20.136 ± 0.020 d0.7255.09 × 10–5可接受
    T30.424 ± 0.019 b2.2631.59 × 10–4较大风险
    T40.019 ± 0.004 e0.1017.06 × 10–6可忽略
    T50.022 ± 0.007 e0.1158.10 × 10–6可忽略
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9   不同处理小龙虾Cd含量及膳食风险指数

    Table  9   Cd contents and dietary risk indices of crayfish in different treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    小龙虾肌肉Cd含量(mg kg–1
    Cd content in crayfish
    非致癌风险
    Noncarcinogenic risk
    致癌风险
    Carcinogenic risk
    靶标危险系数
    THQ
    致癌系数
    CR
    致癌风险等级
    Risk level
    CK 0.025 ± 0.004 a 0.0035 2.46 × 10–7 可忽略
    T1 0.027 ± 0.003 a 0.0037 2.61 × 10–7 可忽略
    T2 0.024 ± 0.002 ab 0.0033 2.34 × 10–7 可忽略
    T3 0.025 ± 0.003 ab 0.0034 2.40 × 10–7 可忽略
    T4 0.019 ± 0.002 b 0.0026 1.82 × 10–7 可忽略
    T5 0.024 ± 0.005 ab 0.0033 2.32 × 10–7 可忽略
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10   水稻不同部位Cd转移系数

    Table  10   Cd transfer coefficients for different parts of rice

    处理
    Treatment
    TF茎部/根部
    TFstem/root
    TF叶部/茎部
    TFleaf/stem
    TF稻米/茎部
    TFRice/stem
    CK 0.350 ± 0.033 a 0.602 ± 0.033 c 0.460 ± 0.027 a
    T1 0.348 ± 0.027 a 0.317 ± 0.031 d 0.188 ± 0.033 bc
    T2 0.207 ± 0.023 b 0.320 ± 0.015 d 0.253 ± 0.025 b
    T3 0.326 ± 0.046 a 0.623 ± 0.093 c 0.434 ± 0.055 a
    T4 0.158 ± 0.034 bc 0.969 ± 0.062 a 0.216 ± 0.059 bc
    T5 0.113 ± 0.009 c 0.833 ± 0.048 b 0.151 ± 0.034 c
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  11   不同经济效益分析

    Table  11   Analysis of different economic benefits

    处理
    Treatment
    投入(元 hm–2
    Input
    产出(元 hm–2
    Output
    投入产出比
    Input-output ration
    修复材料
    Repair material
    亲虾
    Procamentus clarkia
    其他
    Other
    总投入
    Total input
    水稻
    Rice
    小龙虾
    Procamentus clarkia
    总产出
    Total output
    CK0862512000206251204735295473422.3
    T11920862512000225451951436270557842.47
    T24017862512000246241997437245572192.32
    T32400862512000230251306136465495262.15
    T42820862512000249452046137635580962.33
    T54917862512000255422091338220591332.32
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-07-10
  • 修回日期:  2023-12-29
  • 录用日期:  2024-01-02
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-08-11
  • 刊出日期:  2024-08-05

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